四、第二代TKI的选择
目前国内可供选择的第二代TKI为尼洛替尼以及达沙替尼,二者对不同分期CML患者治疗效果相似,但二者具有显著不同的药代动力学、药物相互作用以及不良反应,二者的选择可参照如下原则[9,13,14,15,24,30,50,51,52]:
1.应综合考虑患者病史、合并症、合并用药、药物不良反应以及药物说明书并结合BCR-ABL激酶区突变类型选择。
2.参照BCR-ABL激酶区突变类型:目前以下7种类型突变对于达沙替尼或尼洛替尼选择具有较为明确的指导意义。
①T315I:二者均耐药,有条件者可进入临床试验,或选择恰当的治疗方案;
②F317L/V/I/C、V299L、T315A:采用尼洛替尼治疗更易获得临床疗效;
③Y253H、E255K/V、F359C/V/I:采用达沙替尼治疗更易获得临床疗效。
五、allo-HSCT在CML中应用
allo-HSCT依然是CML治疗的重要手段,尤其是TKI耐药以及进展期患者。在TKI治疗时代移植不再是CML慢性期患者的一线治疗选择,原则上对至少1种第二代TKI不耐受或耐药的患者考虑allo-HSCT。目标人群包括:①对于标准的伊马替尼治疗失败的慢性期患者,可根据患者的年龄和意愿考虑行HSCT。②治疗任何时候出现ABL基因T315I突变的患者,首选HSCT。③对第二代TKI治疗反应欠佳、失败或不耐受的所有患者。④更换第二代TKI 6个月后仍未获得主要细胞遗传学反应者,其12个月获得次要细胞遗传学反应以及长生存的可能性明显降低,应尽早考虑HSCT。⑤加速期或急变期患者。
移植供者的选择、预处理方案以及移植后监测参考《中国慢性髓性白血病诊断与治疗指南(2013年版)》[53]。
六、TKI治疗期间的妊娠管理
参考《中国慢性髓性白血病诊断与治疗指南(2013年版)》[53]。
(执笔:刘兵城)
参与指南讨论的专家:中国医学科学院血液学研究所血液病医院(王建祥、韩明哲、刘兵城);上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院(沈志祥、李军民);北京大学人民医院血液病研究所(黄晓军、江倩);四川大学华西医院(刘霆);第二军医大学附属长海医院(王健民);福建医科大学附属协和医院(胡建达);中国医学科学院北京协和医院(赵永强);哈尔滨血液病肿瘤研究所(马军);贵州医学院附属医院(王季石);山东省立医院(王欣);上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院(王椿);安徽省立医院(孙自敏);江苏省人民医院(李建勇);中山大学附属第一医院(李娟);南方医科大学南方医院(刘启发);河南省肿瘤医院(宋永平);第四军医大学附属西京医院(陈协群);广东省人民医院(杜欣);南昌大学第一附属医院(陈国安);第三军医大学附属新桥医院(张曦);山西医科大学第二医院(杨林花);华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院(邹萍、胡豫);苏州大学附属第一医院(吴德沛);浙江大学医学院附属第一医院(金洁、黄河);山东大学齐鲁医院(侯明);第四军医大学附属唐都医院(梁英民);广西医科大学附属第一医院(赖永榕);中南大学湘雅第二医院(张广森);河北医科大学第二医院(罗建民);中国医科大学附属第一医院(李艳);中国医科大学附属盛京医院(刘卓刚);华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院(周剑峰);解放军总医院(于力);深圳市第二人民医院(杜新)
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